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Finland |
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Facts and Statistics
Location: Northern Europe, Scandinavia, bordering Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km Capital: Helsinki Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes Population: 5,214,512 (July 2004 est.) Ethnic Make-up: Finn 93%, Swede 6%, Sami 0.11%, Roma 0.12%, Tatar 0.02% Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Russian Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1% Government: republic |
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Language in Finland
Of the two official languages of Finland, Finnish is the first language spoken by 93% of the country's 5 million inhabitants. Finnish, unlike Scandinavian languages, is not Germanic but in a class of its own. Theoretically, it is related to Hungarian but in practice the two are not mutually comprehensible. The other official language, Swedish, is spoken by around 6% of the population, most of whom live in the south west and are also speakers of Finnish. Sami is a minority language in Scandinavia that is spoken by around 2,000 people living in the north of Finland, which is 0.03% of the Finnish population. Finnish Culture & Society Nordic but not Scandinavian . Finland along with Iceland is Nordic rather than Scandinavian. . This is reflected in their language which is not Germanic in origin. . While many social values are the same, there are subtle differences with Scandinavians. Finnish Egalitarianism . Finland is an egalitarian society, which is reflected in their language, which employs gender-neutral words. . Finns are very modest and downplay their own accomplishments. . They view being humble and modest as virtues. Finnish Behaviour . Finns believe there is a proper way to act in any circumstance and always expect courteous behaviour. . Talk in moderate tones and do not do anything to call attention to yourself. . Serial conversation is the rule - i.e. listen to the speaker, wait for them to finish and then reply. Interrupting is rude. Fancy a Sauna? . The sauna has a special role in the domestic life of Finns. . It is an experience shared with family and friends. . Important business meetings may be followed by a sauna in which the conversation is continued on a more informal basis. . Saunas are found everywhere: At the end of calendar year 2002, there were 1,212,000 saunas in private apartments and another 800,000 in summer cottages and public swimming pools. This translates to more than 2,000,000 saunas for a population of 5.2 million. Etiquette and Customs in Finland Finnish Meeting Etiquette . Greetings are formal, with a firm handshake, direct eye contact, and a smile. . It is common practice to repeat your first and surname while shaking hands. . When greeting a married couple, the wife should be greeted first. Finnish Gift Giving Etiquette . If you are invited to a Finn's home, bring flowers, good quality chocolates or wine to the host. . Flowers should not be given in even numbers. . Do not give white or yellow flowers since they are used at funerals. . Do not give potted plants. . Gifts are opened when received. Finnish Dining Etiquette If you are invited to a Finn's home: . Arrive on time. Finns are punctual in both business and social situations. . Remove your outdoor shoes before entering the house. . Contact the hostess ahead of time to see if she would like you to bring a dish. . Offer to help the hostess with the preparation or clearing up after a meal is served. . If you are invited for coffee and cake, there may be as many as 7 cakes to sample. . Do not discuss business. . Thank the hosts for the hospitality before saying good-bye to the other guests. Table Manners . Wait to be told where to sit. . Table manners are Continental -- hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. . Always keep your hands visible when eating. Keep your wrists resting on the edge of the table. . Do not begin eating until the hostess invites you to start. . Bread and shrimp are the only foods eaten by hand. Even fruit is eaten with utensils. . Accept second helpings. . When passing salt and pepper shakers, put them on the table within the person's reach. Do not give them directly. . Men should keep their jacket on at meals unless the host removes his. . Finish everything on your plate. Finns do not appreciate waste. . When you have finished eating, place your knife and fork across your plate with the prongs facing down and the handles facing to the right. Finnish Business Etiquette and Protocol Relationships & Communication . Finns are transactional and do not need long-standing personal relationships in order to conduct business. . The basic business style is formal - i.e. there is relatively little small talk and Finns prefer people to speak succinctly and to focus purely on business. . Finns do not require face-to- face contact and, in fact, are quite comfortable using e- mail. . Finns are excellent time managers who prefer to organize their workday in order to accomplish as much as possible. . Finns are interested in long- term relationships. . Relationship building often takes place outside the office: in a restaurant or the sauna. . Never turn down an invitation to use the sauna, as it is an entrenched part of the Finnish culture. . Finns place a great value on speaking plainly and openly. . What someone says is accepted at face value and this is a culture where "a man's word is his bond" and will be treated as seriously as a written contract, so verbal commitments are considered agreements. . Finns are direct communicators. Expect your colleagues to tell you what they think rather than what you want to hear. . Professional differences are not viewed as personal attacks. Business Meeting Etiquette . Appointments are necessary and should be made in advance by telephone, e- mail, or fax. . It is extremely difficult to meet with people without a formal appointment. . Do not schedule meetings between June and August as many Finns take vacation during the summer. . You should arrive at meetings on time or slightly early. . Telephone immediately if you will be detained more than 5 minutes. Being punctual is a sign of respect and efficiency. . Expect a bare minimum of small talk, if any, before getting into the business discussion. . Send an agenda before the meeting as well as the biographies of your team. . Meetings begin and end on time. . Avoid hype, exaggerated claims, or bells and whistles in your presentation. . Finns seldom ask questions. The presenter is expected to make his/her case with sufficient detail that their Finnish colleagues do not need to ask questions. . There is no taboo on humour in the business environment. Dress Etiquette . Business attire is stylish and conservative. . Men should wear dark coloured, conservative business suits. . Women should wear conservative business suits, trouser suits, or dresses. Business Card Etiquette . Business cards are exchanged without formal ritual. . Present your business card so it is readable to the recipient. . Treat someone's business card with respect as it symbolizes the way you will treat them. Being a Manager in Finland The business set up in Finland is egalitarian and to ensure successful cross cultural management it is important to remember to treat each and every person with equal respect and deference. Intercultural adaptability relies on this understanding that in Finland there is a sense that all people in the organization have an important role to play and are valued for their input. Therefore, in this culture, managers will lose no respect in consulting employees to gather background information and even share in the decision-making process. The basic business style is formal. Finns do not engage in much small talk and prefer people to speak succinctly, not to discuss themselves or their interests, focusing primarily on business. Finns generally do not make friends at work, and do not need to get to know you as a person in order to conduct business. The Role of a Manager Cross cultural communiciation will be more effective when working in Finland when you remember that the most productive managers in Finland recognize and value the specialized knowledge that employees at all levels bring. Employees expect to be consulted on decisions that affect them and the greater good of the organization. Managers tend to be task-oriented, but do not generally micro-manage their staff. Managers emphasize achieving a goal, productivity and profits and expect their employees to do their job in a professional manner. Successful intercultural management will remember that the role of the leader is to harness the talent of the group assembled, and develop any resulting synergies. The leader will be deferred to as the final authority in any decisions that are made, but they do not dominate the discussion or generation of ideas. Praise should be given to the entire group as well as to individuals. Approach to Change Finland’s intercultural competence and readiness for change is low, meaning that social change is difficult to bring about and the idea of it is not received with enthusiasm. The underlying belief is that change may threaten the social fabric. Even though they are cautious in business, they are some of the most rapid high-tech innovators in the world. In order for change to take hold, however, it needs to be perceived as good for the group and be accepted by the group. Intercultural sensitivity is needed as Finland’s attitude toward risk is dramatically impacted by the negative ramifications of failure on both the individual and the group. Approach to Time and Priorities Finland is a controlled-time culture, and adherence to schedules is important and expected. In Finland missing a deadline is a sign of poor management and inefficiency, and will shake people’s confidence. Since Finns respect schedules and deadlines, it is not unusual for managers to expect people to work late and even give up weekends in order to meet target deadlines. Successful intercultural management will depend on the individual’s ability to meet deadlines. Decision Making Employees expect to be consulted on decisions that affect them and the greater good of the organization. Not doing so may be significantly counterproductive because employees typically feel responsible for success beyond the execution of specific instructions. Boss or Team Player The egalitarian belief of Finns supports a collaborative and participative management style. Finns are often quite comfortable working in teams and do not expect to be singled out for their contribution. Communication and Negotiation Styles Relationship building often takes place outside the office: in a restaurant or the sauna. Never turn down an invitation to use the sauna, as it is an entrenched part of the Finnish culture and an important part of relationship building. There will be minimal, if any, small talk. Finns prefer to get down to business quickly. Finns are direct. They say what they think and expect you to do the same. Maintain eye contact while speaking. Decisions can be made quickly and implemented as swiftly. Finns are very concerned with quality. Finns are interested in long-term rather than short-term goals. When making a bid, it is important that your first offer is realistic. Finns do not expect to negotiate a great deal on price. Links and Resources about Finland * Currency - the currency of Finland is the Euro. Use the free currency converter to compare to dollars, GBP, etc. * Weather - visit Yahoo!'s up to date Weather for Finland. * News - check out all the latest Google news on Finland. * Dialling Code - the international dialling code for Finland is +358. * Time - Finland is +2 hours GMT. * Hotels - Hotels in Finland. * History - read about the long and rich history of Finland. |
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