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Norway |
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Facts and Statistics
Location: Northern Europe, bordering Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km Capital: Oslo Population: 4,574,560 (July 2004 est.) Ethnic Make-up: Norwegian, Sami 20,000 Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 86% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, other 1%, none and unknown 10% |
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The Norwegian Language
Over 99% of the 4.3m population of Norway speak the official language, Norwegian. Norwegian has 2 written forms, "Bokmal" (Book Norwegian) and "Nynorsk" (New Norwegian) and they enjoy the same legal recognition, although "Bokmal" is increasingly more common. Minority languages include Finnish, spoken by 0.2% of the population, mainly in the northern region of Finnmark, as well as "Sami", a language closely related to Finnish, spoken by 0.9% of the Norwegian population. Norwegian Society & Culture The Family . Many families consist mainly of the nuclear family. . Marriage is not a prerequisite to starting a family. . Many couples live together without legalizing the arrangement with marriage. Therefore, it is best not to make presumptions about people's marital status. Women . Women are highly respected in business and generally receive equal pay and have access to senior positions. . Norwegian women expect to be treated with respect in the office. . Businesswomen are direct and can be skilled negotiators. . Women may take up to one year's maternity leave at 80% pay or 10 months at 100% pay. . If a woman decides to stay home with pre-school children she receives a monthly stipend from the government. Jante Law The poet Aksel Sandemose put Jante Law into words and they convey an important element of Norwegian culture: humility. Jante's Law teaches people to be modest and not 'think big'. It is demonstrated in most people's refusal to criticize others. Norwegians try to see all people as being on equal footing. They do not flaunt their wealth or financial achievements and look askance at those who do. The tenets of Jante Law are: . You shall not think you are special. . You shall not believe you are smarter than others. . You shall not believe you are wiser than others. . You shall not behave as if you are better than others. . You shall not believe that you know more than others. . You shall not believe that you can fix things better than others. . You shall not laugh at others. . You shall not believe that others care about you. . You shall not believe that you can teach others anything. Egalitarianism . Norwegians view themselves as egalitarian people whose culture is based on democratic principles of respect and interdependence. . They like people for themselves and not for what they do for a living their professional accomplishments or how much money they earn. . They have simple tastes and are not prone to ostentation or excessive showiness. . They pride themselves on being honest and sincere in their personal relationships. Etiquette & Customs in Norway Meeting and Greeting . Greetings are casual, with a firm handshake, direct eye contact, and a smile. . Norwegians are egalitarian and casual; they often introduce themselves with their first name only. . In some circumstances people may use the honorific title "Herr" (Mr.) or "Fru" (Mrs.) and their surname. . You can wait to be invited before moving to first names although most people will start with this. . Shake hands and say good-bye individually when arriving or departing. . Shake hands with people on a first come first served basis. Gift Giving Etiquette . If invited to a Norwegian's home, bring flowers, chocolates, pastries, wine, or imported spirits to the hostess. . Flowers may be sent the morning of a dinner party so they may be displayed that evening. . Do not give carnations, lilies or white flowers as they are used at funerals. . Do not give wreaths, even at Christmas. . Do not give even numbers of flowers. . A houseplant is well received in the winter months. . A bouquet of freshly picked wildflowers is always appreciated. . Gifts are opened when received. Dining Etiquette . Invitations are generally given verbally. . Norwegians are punctual in both business and social situations. . Confirm the dress code with your hosts. . Offer to help the hostess with the preparation or clearing up after a meal is served. . Do not discuss business. Norwegians separate their business and personal lives. . Reciprocate any invitation. . Table manners are more formal than one might expect of a culture that is informal and egalitarian. . Hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. . Do not begin eating until the hostess starts. . Most food, including sandwiches, is eaten with utensils. . When you have finished eating, place your knife and fork across your plate with the prongs facing down and the handles facing to the right. . The male guest of honour, generally seated to the left of the hostess, thanks the hostess on behalf of the other guests with the phrase "takk for matten" (thanks for the meal). . The host makes a small speech and offers the first toast. . Toast the host/hostess during the meal. . Women may offer toasts. . Toasts are made with alcoholic beverages, but not beer. . When someone is being toasted, raise your glass, look at the person, take a sip, look at the person again, and then return the glass to the table. . Women must put down their glasses first after a toast. Business Etiquette & Protocol in Norway If you were to think about the most important cultural attributes that you will see operating in business in Norway, they would be: . Informal style . Individual interests . Transactional relationships . Direct communication Building Relationships & Communication . Norwegians are transactional and do not need long-standing personal relationships in order to conduct business. . Nonetheless, they prefer to do business with those they trust, so it is important that you provide information about yourself and the company you represent prior to meeting your business colleagues. . Relationships develop slowly and depend upon the other person being professional and meeting all agreed upon deadlines. . Giving a well-researched presentation indicates that you are serious about conducting business. . The basic business style is relatively informal. . Norwegians respect confident, self-assured businesspeople. . They are excellent time managers who do not require face-to-face contact in order to conduct business. . If you are like-minded, the relationship will develop over time. . Appearing overly friendly at the start of a relationship may be viewed as weakness. Maintaining eye contact while speaking is interpreted as sincerity. . Norwegians are direct communicators. . They have no difficulty telling their colleagues that they disagree with something that has been said. . Their communication is straightforward and relies on facts. . They are conservative and deliberate speakers who do not appreciate being rushed. . They are scrupulous about honesty in communication, often to the point of pointing out the negatives in their own proposals in greater detail than the positives. . Norwegians are not emotive speakers and their body language is subtle. Business Meeting Etiquette . Appointments are necessary and should be made as far in advance as possible. . Appointments may be made in writing or by telephone. . If writing, address the letter to the head of the division, even if you do not know the person. . Punctuality is imperative since it indicates trustworthiness. . If you are delayed even 5 minutes, it is polite to telephone and explain the situation. Arriving late without prior notice can damage a potential relationship. . It is often difficult to schedule meetings during July and August, which are popular vacation times; during the two weeks before and after Christmas; and during the week before and after Easter. . Meetings are rather informal. . Send an agenda before the meeting so that your Norwegian colleagues can be prepared. . There is not much small talk. Norwegians prefer to get to the business discussion quickly. . Presentations should be precise and concrete, and backed up with charts, figures and analysis. . Avoid hype or exaggerated claims in your presentation. . Leave time for Q&A at the end of a presentation. Norwegians do not interrupt and will save their questions until you have finished speaking. Negotiating . Decisions are consensus driven. . Expect decisions to take time as your colleagues must weigh all the alternatives. . Present a firm, realistic, and competitive initial price and expect a minimum of bargaining. . Price is often the most important deciding factor. . Norwegians do not generally give discounts, even to good customers or for large orders. . Norwegians are detail oriented. . Maintain eye contact while speaking. . Negotiations are frank. . Avoid high-pressure sales tactics. . It is imperative to adhere to deadlines and commitments. If you do not, you will not be considered trustworthy, which will destroy the business relationship. . New concepts should be shown to be high quality, practical, and already market tested. . Do not interrupt others while they are speaking. Being a Manager in Norway Effective cross cultural management will bear in mind that the Norwegians avoid "hard sell" techniques and communicate directly without using hyperbole or superlatives. Do not expect a great deal of getting-to-know-you conversation since Norwegians prefer to get to the business at hand as swiftly and efficiently as possible. There are few large companies in Norway. The government owns wholly or partially many major companies. The government encourages an open economy and welcomes private industry as well as foreign investment. In Norway there is a sense that all people in the organization have an important role to play and all are valued for their input. Therefore in this culture, managers will consult employees to gather background information ort have them share in the decision-making process. Employees expect to be consulted on decisions that affect. The Role of a Manager Cross cultural management needs to recognize that Norwegians value the specialized knowledge that employees at all levels bring. In Norway, as in most egalitarian cultures, positions of authority are earned largely on the basis of individual achievement and people at all levels of the organization, while respecting authority, are free to aspire to those positions. The role of the leader is to harness the talent of the group assembled, and develop any resulting synergies. The leader will be deferred to as the final authority in any decisions that are made, but they do not dominate the discussion or generation of ideas. Praise should be given to the entire group as well as to individuals. Approach to Change Norway’s intercultural adaptability and readiness for change is minimal. This means that change is difficult to bring about and is not received with any enthusiasm. Projects will need to be carefully analyzed every step of the way to assure that all the risks have been assessed and understood. Failure in Norway causes a long-term loss of confidence by the individual as well as by others. Because of this attitude, intercultural sensitivity is going to be required, especially when conducting group meetings and discussing contributions made my participating individuals. Approach to Time and Priorities Norway is a controlled-time culture, and adherence to schedules is important and expected. In Norway missing a deadline is a sign of poor management and inefficiency, and will shake people’s confidence. Effective cross-culture management skill will depend on the individual’s ability to meet deadlines. Decision Making Managers generally act as coordinators or team leaders rather than autocratic micro-managers. They are task-oriented and emphasize achieving a goal, productivity and profits. They expect their employees to do their job in a professional manner. Managers make decisions after they have reached a consensus with their work team or others who will be affected by the decision. Their egalitarian culture supports a participative management style. Cross cultural management needs to understand the Norwegians fundamental belief in an egalitarian society. This means they support a participative management style. Boss or Team Player? The role of the leader is to harness the talent of the group assembled, and develop any resulting synergies. The leader will be deferred to as the final authority in any decisions that are made, but they do not dominate the discussion or generation of ideas. Praise should be given to the entire group as well as to individuals. Communication and Negotiation Styles Cross cultural communication should be relatively straight forward when dealing with the Norwegians. Communication is direct and straightforward. While decision making power rests with upper level managers, lower level managers often have enough perspective of the broad corporate strategy to be able to make informed decisions. Norwegian companies put a premium on quality and are willing to pay for it. They will not hesitate to switch suppliers if they find a better deal elsewhere. If someone says the cost is too high, they are most likely speaking truthfully, not employing a negotiating tactic. Expect decisions to take time as your colleagues must weigh all the alternatives. Present a firm, realistic, and competitive initial price and expect a minimum of bargaining. Price is often the most important deciding factor. Norwegians do not generally give discounts, even to good customers or for large orders. Links and Information about Norway * Currency - the currency of Norway is the Krone. Use the free currency converter to compare to dollars, GBP or Euro. * Weather - visit Yahoo!'s up to date Weather for Norway. * News - check out all the latest Google news on Norway. * Dialling Code - the international dialling code is +47. * Time - Norway is +1 hour GMT. * History - read about the long and rich history of Norway. * Hotels - for accomodation see Hotels Reservations in Norway. |
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